Francis Turbine

The Francis turbine was invented by an American inventor James B. Francis in the 1800s. The Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine and is used in devices with a wide variety of head and flow. The Francis Turbine is the most commonly used turbine today to generate hydroelectricity. They are often used in large hydroelectric dam systems. The Francis turbine is a versatile turbine that can be built with either a horizontal or vertical axis and can be used in many different hydraulic head heights and water flow levels. This turbine also uses mobile guide vanes to direct the water into the turbine which can be set to allow the desired level of water flow into the turbine system.

Francis Turbine

Run off River (ROR) Pump

Run off River Pump

The term "Run off River" means operated by running water. This project requires a continuous flow of water to work and does not require electricity or any other kind of energy forms. The history of ROR Pump points in the mid 1800's when people used water wheel to draw water from river or well. The same principle is used in this project with some advanced modifications through engineering calculations so that to make it more efficient and sustainable. 

The ROR Pump basically consists of a water wheel or turbine and pump. This system is based on the KE of the flowing water and the pressure difference created in the cylinder. It follows the principle of conservation of energy. The principle of conservation of energy states “The energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be converted from one form to another form”. It also follows the Pascal’s Law of pressure. It states “The pressure applied to an in-compressible liquid kept in closed vessel transmits equally in all directions”.